Enhancing Client Satisfaction: Utilizing Feedback for Ongoing Improvement Strategies
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31098/hsc.v3i1.3303Keywords:
Client Satisfaction, Service Quality, Citizen’s Charter, Feedback Mechanism, Higher Education ServicesAbstract
This study evaluated client satisfaction with the services provided by the City College of Calamba (CCC), with particular focus on the implementation of its Citizens' Charter and compliance with Republic Act No. 11032. Using a descriptive research design with 2,633 respondents, the study measured satisfaction across eight service quality dimensions, revealing an overall "Very Satisfactory" rating of 94.32%. The highest scores were in Reliability (95.46%) and Assurance (95.07%), while Costs (90.53%) and Learning Management System (LMS) support were identified as areas needing improvement. Statistical analysis using Goodman and Kruskal's Gamma Correlation demonstrated significant relationships between respondents' awareness of the Citizens' Charter and their satisfaction levels, highlighting the Charter's importance in service quality enhancement. Based on these findings, the study proposed a Continuous Improvement Plan (CIP) for FY 2026 focusing on digitization, staff training, and stakeholder engagement. However, the research had limitations, including reliance on self-reported data, which may introduce response bias, and its cross-sectional design, which limits causal interpretations. The study's focus on a single institution also affects the generalizability of results. For future research, longitudinal studies could assess the long-term impact of CIP implementation, while qualitative approaches, such as interviews, could provide deeper insights into satisfaction drivers. Comparative studies with other institutions would help identify best practices, particularly in addressing cost-related concerns and improving digital service delivery. These research directions would further strengthen CCC's governance framework and service excellence in line with national mandates and stakeholder needs.
References
Abdullah, A., & Kasmi, M. (2021). The effect of quality of service on customer satisfaction. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis, 8(2), 410–422. https://doi.org/10.33096/jmb.v8i2.954
Ahsan, A. H. M. K., Chakma, B., Panday, P. K., Huque, A. S., & Prodip, M. A. (2024). Does implementation of ’citizen’s charter make any difference in service delivery? Comparing the performance of local councils between Plain and Hilly Areas—A Case of Bangladesh. SAGE Open, 14(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440241258291
Anti-Red Tape Authority. (2022). MC-2022-05: Guidelines on the implementation of the harmonized client satisfaction measurement. https://arta.gov.ph
Bhaskar, K., & Subramanyam, P. (2021). Customer satisfaction on service quality dimensions. Journal of Management and Science, 11(3), 35–39. https://doi.org/10.26524/jms.11.21
Congcong, G. J. D., & Caingcoy, M. E. (2020). Feedback mechanisms of school heads on teacher performance. European Journal of Educational Studies, 7(3). http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3759781
David, E. (2024, August 12). 20 Strategies to improve customer satisfaction. ProProfs Survey Maker. https://www.proprofssurvey.com/blog/improve-customer-satisfaction/
De Ramos, J. R., & Briones, J. P. (2024). Level of functioning of service quality of a private higher education institution in the Philippines: Personnel and student perspectives. Education Policy and Development, 2(2). https://journals.researchsynergypress.com/index.php/epd/article/view/2365/1494
Diocos, C. B., PhD. (2024). Assessing the implementation of Citizen’s Charter and challenges encountered: Applicable insights for continuous improvement of frontline services. International Journal of Science and Management Studies (IJSMS), 185–195. https://doi.org/10.51386/25815946/ijsms-v7i5p116
Drouvelis, M., & Paiardini, P. (2021). Feedback quality and performance in organisations. The Leadership Quarterly, 33(6), 101534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2021.101534
Fahim Dr, M. G. (2019). The Relationship between service quality dimensions and customer satisfaction in public service organizations with application to EgyptAir. Arab Journal of Administration, 39(1). https://digitalcommons.aaru.edu.jo/aja/vol39/iss1/10
Fuentes-Cimma, J., Sluijsmans, D., Riquelme, A., Villagran, I., Isbej, L., Olivares-Labbe, M. T., & Heeneman, S. (2024). Designing feedback processes in the workplace-based learning of undergraduate health professions education: a scoping review. BMC Medical Education, 24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-024-05439-6
Garcia, A. (2024, March 5). 7 Ways to increase client satisfaction in your accounting firm. D&V Philippines. https://www.dvphilippines.com/blog/how-to-increase-client-satisfaction
Hinkle, D. E., Wiersma, W., & Jurs, S. G. (2003). Applied statistics for the behavioral sciences. Houghton Mifflin.
Indeed Editorial Team. (2025, January 29). Service quality: definition, 5 dimensions and implementation. Indeed. https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/service-quality
Jose, J. C. S. (2023). Implementation of the citizen’s charter of frontline service providers in the 4th district, Camarines Sur, Philippines. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, VII(IV), 705–713. https://doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2023.7458
Kasmi, M. (2022). The effect of quality of service on customer satisfaction [Unpublished manuscript]. Academia.edu. https://www.academia.edu/58639367/The_Effect_of_Quality_of_Service_on_Customer_Satisfaction?email_work_card=view-paper
Kelkar, G. (2023, July 18). What is descriptive design and why is it important: The ultimate guide. Emeritus. https://emeritus.org/blog/product-design-and-innovation-what-is-descriptive-design/
Kutasi, R. (2023b). Feedback: Unveiling its impact and enhancing its effectiveness in education. Revista De Pedagogie - Journal of Pedagogy, LXXI (2), 7–32. https://doi.org/10.26755/revped/2023.2/7
Lascuña, L. D., & Junsay, M. D. (2023). Service quality dimensions as predictors of customer satisfaction in the civil Registry. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, VII(IV), 1459–1470. https://doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2023.7521
Lavrakas, P. J. (2008). Encyclopedia of survey research methods. Sage Publications.
Luckett, G. (2023, December 21). The ServQual model: A proven framework for understanding and measuring customer insights. LinkedIn. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/servqual-model-proven-framework-understanding-glyn-luckett-cmrs-0beie
Maghsoodi, A. I., Saghaei, A., & Hafezalkotob, A. (2019). Service quality measurement model integrating an extended SERVQUAL model and a hybrid decision support system. European Research on Management and Business Economics, 25(3), 151–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iedeen.2019.04.004
Montano, M. R., Dasal, A. M., Jr., R. A. A., Opeña, A. R. C., & Mosca, M. G. (2024). Optimizing administrative professionalism: A strategic approach to elevate clientele satisfaction in service-oriented environments. People and Behavior Analysis, 2(2), 60–79. https://doi.org/10.31098/pba.v2i2.2673
Mulyadi. (2020). Dimensions of service quality and customer satisfaction of PLN ULP Bireuen. 2(4).
Nikolopoulou, K. (2022, August 9). What is convenience sampling? Scribbr. https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/convenience-sampling/#:~:text=Convenience%20sampling%20is%20a%20non,to%20 participate%20in%20the%20 research.
Okello, L. A. (2024, December 3). Customer service in schools: Importance, strategies, & examples. BoldDesk. https://www.bolddesk.com/blogs/customer-service-in-schools
Pakurár, M., Haddad, H., Nagy, J., Popp, J., & Oláh, J. (2019). The service quality dimensions that affect customer satisfaction in the Jordanian banking sector. Sustainability, 11(4), 1113. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11041113
Perzynska, K. (2025, January 6). 8 tips to improve customer satisfaction in 2025. Survicate. https://survicate.com/blog/how-to-improve-customer-satisfaction/
Poniman, P., & Utomo, Y. (2020a). Attributes of improving service quality on consumer satisfaction with ServQual aapproach. Tibuana, 3(02), 42–47. https://doi.org/10.36456/tibuana.3.02.2569.42-47
Rahman, A. (2022). Identifying the level of service receiver satisfaction using the time, cost, and visit model: A case study of the citizen’s charter of Mymensingh City Corporation. Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7460088
Rane, N. L., Achari, A., & Choudhary, S. (2023). Enhancing customer loyalty through quality of service: effective strategies to improve customer satisfaction, experience, relationship, and engagement. International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science. https://doi.org/10.56726/irjmets38104
Republic Act No. 11032. (2018). An act promoting ease of doing business and efficient delivery of government services. https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/2/83125
Santhosh. (2024, July 18). Importance of feedback in the workplace: How providing feedback drives success in the workplace. Culture Monkey. https://www.culturemonkey.io/employee-engagement/the-importance-of-feedback-in-the-workplace/
Setiono, B. A., & Hidayat, S. (2022). Influence of service quality with the dimensions of reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy and tangibles on customer satisfaction. International Journal of Economics, Business and Management Research, 6(9). http://dx.doi.org/10.51505/ijebmr.2022.6924
Sheu, P., & Chang, S. (2022). Relationship of service quality dimensions, customer satisfaction and loyalty in e-commerce: a case study of the Shopee App. Applied Economics, 54(40), 4597–4607. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2021.1980198
Singh, P., & Singh, V. (2024). The power of AI: enhancing customer loyalty through satisfaction and efficiency. Cogent Business & Management, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2326107
Steur, A. J., & Seiter, M. (2020). Properties of feedback mechanisms on digital platforms: an exploratory study. Journal of Business Economics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11573-020-01009-6
Sultania, Y. (2023, November 20). 8 ways to enhance customer service in the education sector. XEBO.ai. https://www.xebo.ai/blog/8-ways-to-enhance-customer-service-in-the-education-sector
Supardiasa, I. P., Maharta Pemayun, A. G., & Rinas, I. W. (2018). Study of the quality of electricity services to the customer satisfaction of PT PLN (Persero) Rayon Tabanan. SPECTRUM Journal, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.24843/spektrum.2017.v04.i02.p20
Tomas, G., Hult, M. & Forrest V. Morgeson. (2023, January 12). 10 ways to boost customer satisfaction. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2023/01/10-ways-to-boost-customer-satisfaction?utm_medium=paidsearch&utm_source=google&utm_campaign=intlcontent_businessmgmt&utm_term=Non-Brand&tpcc=intlcontent_businessmgmt&gad_source=1&gclid=EAIaIQobChMI8NuZgqqDjAMV-V0PAh3aRgr9EAAYASAAEgJKEPD_BwE
Wibowo, Y. I. (2022). Literature review customer satisfaction determination and level of complaint: product quality and service quality. Dinasti International Journal Of Digital Business Management, 3(4). https://doi.org/10.31933/dijdbm.v3i4
Downloads
Published
Citation Check
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Humanities, Society, and Community

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Content Licensing, Copyright, and Permissions
1. License
Humanities, Society, and Community (HSC) has CC-BY NC as the optimal license for the publication, distribution, use, and reuse of scholarly work for non-commercial purpose. The non-commercial use of the article will be governed by the Creative Commons Attribution license as currently displayed on Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
Creative Commons License
2. Author’s Warranties
The author warrants that the article is original, written by stated author(s), has not been published before, contains no unlawful statements, does not infringe the rights of others, is subject to copyright that is vested exclusively in the author and free of any third party rights, and that any necessary written permissions to quote from other sources have been obtained by the author(s).
3. User Rights
Humanities, Society, and Community (HSC) objective is to disseminate articles published are as free as possible. Under the Creative Commons license, this journal permits users to copy, distribute, display, and perform the work for non-commercial purposes only. Users will also need to attribute authors and this journal on distributing works in the journal.
4. Rights of Authors
Authors retain the following rights:
Copyright, and proprietary rights relating to the article, such as patent rights. The right to use the substance of the article in future own works, including lectures and books, The right to reproduce the article for own purposes, The right to self-archive the article, the right to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the article's published version (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal (Humanities, Society, and Community).
The author has a non-exclusive publishing contract with a publisher and the work is published with a more restrictive license, the author retains all the rights to publish the work elsewhere, including commercially, because she/he is not subject to the conditions of her / his own license, regardless of the type of CC license chosen.
5. Co-Authorship
If the article was jointly prepared by other authors, the signatory of this form warrants that he/she has been authorized by all co-authors to sign this agreement on their behalf, and agrees to inform his/her co-authors of the terms of this agreement.
6. Termination
This agreement can be terminated by the author or Humanities, Society, and Community (HSC) upon two months’ notice where the other party has materially breached this agreement and failed to remedy such breach within a month of being given the terminating party’s notice requesting such breach to be remedied. No breach or violation of this agreement will cause this agreement or any license granted in it to terminate automatically or affect the definition of Humanities, Society, and Community (HSC).
7. Royalties
This agreement entitles the author to no royalties or other fees. To such extent as legally permissible, the author waives his or her right to collect royalties relative to the article in respect of any use of the article by This agreement can be terminated by the author or Humanities, Society, and Community (HSC) upon two months’ notice where the other party has materially breached this agreement and failed to remedy such breach within a month of being given the terminating party’s notice requesting such breach to be remedied. No breach or violation of this agreement will cause this agreement or any license granted in it to terminate automatically or affect the definition of Humanities, Society, and Community (HSC) or its sublicense.
8. Miscellaneous
Humanities, Society, and Community (HSC) will publish the article (or have it published) in the journal if the article’s editorial process is successfully completed and Humanities, Society, and Community (HSC) or its sublicensee has become obligated to have the article published. Humanities, Society, and Community (HSC) may conform the article to a style of punctuation, spelling, capitalization, referencing and usage that it deems appropriate. The author acknowledges that the article may be published so that it will be publicly accessible and such access will be free of charge for the readers.
