Inclusive Society and Sustainability Studies

Does Competencies of Indonesian Migrant Workers in Accordance with International Standards?

Yunus Riansyah — 2025-12-31

This study investigates the effectiveness of competency certification in supporting the career continuity of Indonesian Migrant Workers (IMWs) in host countries. Mandated by Law No. 18 of 2017, competency certification is positioned as a prerequisite for placement, based on the assumption that it ensures the quality and competitiveness of Indonesian labor. However, many IMWs continue to experience repatriation due to perceived incompetence. This research employed a qualitative case study approach through in-depth interviews with eight informants three informal-sector IMWs in Taiwan and five officials from BP3MI/KP2MI across various regions supplemented by a focus group discussion with two policy experts. Thematic analysis using NVivo 12 identified five key themes: (1) challenges of varying standards, costs, and limited access; (2) the need for international recognition; (3) the role of government and private actors in monitoring and support; (4) certification as a driver of competitiveness and employment opportunities; and (5) certification as a legal safeguard and instrument of quality standardization. The findings show that certification positively influences IMWs’ entry into the international labor market and enhances their confidence. However, its long-term impact remains limited due to the absence of global recognition, misalignment between training curricula and workplace demands, and weak post-placement support. These results align with the Theory of Attitude and Behavior and the Theory of Planned Behavior, indicating that training fosters positive attitudes and social norms, yet sustained professional behavior is hindered by low perceived behavioral control caused by structural barriers. The study recommends harmonizing certification standards with destination countries, improving the relevance of training curricula, and strengthening institutional support after placement. Ultimately, competency certification must be complemented by continuous learning systems to effectively enhance IMWs’ quality and career sustainability.

How Significant Are Training and Certification in Shaping Indonesian Migrant Workers’ Long-Term Careers?

Yunus Riansyah — 2025-12-31

Many Indonesian migrant workers (PMI) do not have adequate legal protection in destination countries. Especially since they are often engaged in low skill and semi skill jobs abroad as well as the high number of complaints from Indonesian Migrant Workers and issues related to exploitation, mismatch of working conditions with contracts. The issue of the quality and competence of Indonesian Migrant Workers compared to workers from other countries such as the Philippines, is very important with an increase in quality to be able to compete in the era of globalization. The extent to which the qualifications possessed by Indonesian migrant workers are in accordance with the competency certification requirements set by the country of placement. To overcome this problem, the government needs to tighten the requirements to become a migrant worker, ensure the provision of effective competency certification, and improve the supervision of prospective Indonesian migrant workers who will work abroad. Having an internationally-recognized certificate of occupational competency provides migrant workers with significant benefits, such as increased legal protection, better access to decent work opportunities, and the ability to compete more effectively in the global labor market. In addition, the certification also ensures that migrant workers have skills, knowledge, and work attitudes that are in accordance with international standards, thus encouraging an overall improvement in the quality of Indonesian migrant workers. This research is only limited informants, representatives of PMI in the Formal and Informal Sectors in Taiwan, there are still many other countries with large distributions, further research will be carried out by adding informants from the majority countries of Indonesian Migrant Workers 5 largest placement countries so that they can represent information from 89% of Indonesian Migrant Workers who are abroad.

Financial Ratio-Based Corporate Bankruptcy Prediction to Reduce Investment Loss Risk

Nurbaiti — 2025-12-31

The increasing risk of bankruptcy that occurs in the textile industry today is a result of macroeconomic pressures, such as decreased demand and inflation, which has resulted in 7 textile companies closing and 8 companies making efficiency. The intent of this study is to investigate the effect of financial ratios such as profitability ratios, operational ratios, and liquidity ratios on the level of financial distress as measured by the Grover model (G-Score), as well as to develop a financial ratio-based risk prediction model. The study methodology employs a positivist perspective, a quantitative approach, secondary data, and a purposive sampling procedure. The data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS 26 tool, which included descriptive statistical tests, classical assumptions, multiple regression, and hypothesis testing. The profitability ratio, operational ratio, and liquidity ratio were found to have a 79.5% influence on the extent of financial distress. Each ratio has a substantial impact on the level of financial difficulty. This study adds theoretically to signaling theory regarding the financial ratios as indications of bankruptcy risk. Practically, this model can be an early detection tool for bankruptcy risk, assist in the preparation of risk mitigation strategies, and increase investment attractiveness in the Indonesian textile industry.

Keywords financial distress, liquidity ratio, operational ratio, profitability ratio, signal theory

Purchase Decisions for Event Packages at Hotel Candi Indah Semarang

Nur Khasanah — 2025-12-31

One of the hotels in Semarang City that provides event package services is Hotel Candi Indah Semarang. This research was motivated by the phenomenon of fluctuating event package sales at the hotel, particularly a significant decline in March 2025, which fell 58% below the target. Three key factors were examined as potential influences on consumer buying behavior: price sensitivity, brand awareness, and perceived service quality, along with their impact on purchase decisions for event packages. Data were collected through literature review, observation, and the distribution of questionnaires using a Likert scale to 80 participants who had previously utilized the hotel’s event package services. The sampling technique combined purposive sampling, by intentionally selecting respondents who had purchased event packages for at least 30 participants, and incidental sampling, by approaching respondents who met the research criteria by chance. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 26 with multiple linear regression. The findings revealed that price sensitivity, brand awareness, and perceived quality each had a significant effect on purchase decisions, both partially and simultaneously. Practically, the results of this study can assist Hotel Candi Indah Semarang’s management in developing more effective marketing strategies, particularly to increase event package sales by focusing on pricing strategies, service quality improvement, and strengthening brand awareness. Theoretically, this study enriches Expectancy Value Theory by demonstrating that price sensitivity, brand awareness, and perceived quality are significant determinants of purchase decisions in the hospitality industry.

Relationship of Interdisciplinary Collaboration on Employee Engagement at a Private Tertiary Hospital in the Philippines

Jesus Briones — 2025-12-31

Interdisciplinary collaboration is vital in healthcare organizations for enhancing service delivery and employee outcomes. This study, conducted among 190 regular employees of a private tertiary hospital in the Philippines, examined the relationship between key dimensions of interdisciplinary collaboration—communication, mutual respect, role clarity, conflict resolution, and leadership—and employee engagement aspects such as organizational commitment, recognition, growth opportunities, job satisfaction, and affective commitment. Using a descriptive-quantitative design, data were collected through a validated questionnaire distributed via Google Forms and analyzed using frequency distribution, weighted mean, and Spearman’s rank-order correlation. Findings indicated generally strong collaboration, with highest ratings in mutual respect, and role clarity, and moderate performance in communication, leadership support, and conflict resolution. Employee engagement was similarly positive, with strengths in organizational commitment and growth opportunities, while affective commitment, job satisfaction, and recognition were moderate. Significant positive relationships were found between all collaboration and engagement dimensions, highlighting that effective collaboration fosters greater motivation, satisfaction, and organizational attachment. The results align with Social Exchange Theory, suggesting that positive interpersonal interactions cultivate reciprocal commitment and engagement. Despite the positive ratings, employees reported challenges including the need for stronger interdepartmental support, communication breakdowns, conflicting departmental priorities, and hierarchical role dominance hindering effective collaboration. Building on these insights, the study proposes organizational initiatives to strengthen leadership effectiveness, improve conflict management, and create structured pathways for professional advancement. Embedding these initiatives into daily practice can sustain a motivated workforce, foster cohesive teamwork, and advance patient-centered care.

Evaluating the Impact of Economic Growth, Income Inequality, and Investment on Community Welfare: A Case Study of Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia

Hasddin — 2025-12-31

In the field of Urban and Regional Planning, achieving community welfare is a fundamental aspect in formulating sustainable and equitable development policies. This issue remains a major concern in efforts to improve economic connectivity between urban and rural areas. Various strategies have been implemented, ranging from direct assistance programs to special budget allocations at the village and sub-district government levels. However, despite the implementation of these policies, the debate on the determinants of community welfare continues. Factors such as economic growth, income inequality, labor absorption, infrastructure availability, and investment levels play an important role in shaping these dynamics. This study aims to examine how these factors affect community welfare, with a particular focus on Southeast Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The panel data regression method is used to investigate the causal relationship between economic variables and community welfare levels, using data from the Central Statistics Agency of Southeast Sulawesi Province from 2012 to 2021. The results show that economic growth, income inequality, labor absorption, infrastructure, and investment significantly affect community welfare. Among these factors, employment shows the strongest impact, indicating that higher employment rates contribute substantially to improved welfare. Income inequality is also shown to have a significant impact, with rising inequality associated with lower welfare. Furthermore, investment and infrastructure development show positive impacts by improving public facilities and creating employment opportunities. Interestingly, although economic growth is theoretically expected to improve welfare, the results show that its effect is less pronounced compared to other variables.