Journal of Governance Risk Management Compliance and Sustainability

Impact of Supply Chain Management on Organizational Sustainability: The Case of a Philippine Food Manufacturing Company

Carol Heart N. Aranzamendez — 2025-04-30

Supply chain management (SCM) is vital for an organization’s sustainability objectives. This study assesses the SCM practices of a Philippine food manufacturing company, evaluates its organizational sustainability, and examines the relationship between the two. This descriptive-quantitative research used a researcher-structured questionnaire to gather insights from 134 randomly selected employees involved in SCM tasks across various departments of the subject food manufacturing company. The data gathered from the respondents were analyzed using weighted mean, standard deviation, frequency, percentage, and Pearson correlation coefficient analysis. The findings revealed that the company is demonstrating strong performance in all SCM dimensions covered in this study, while the company also showed excellent organizational sustainability in terms of economic, environmental, and social dimensions. The study also found a high significant positive correlation between SCM practices and organizational sustainability, indicating that the excellent performance of a company’s SCM practices directly contributed to enhancing its sustainability outcomes. Based on these findings, several opportunities were identified to further optimize SCM practices and bolster sustainability efforts of the company. This study can offer valuable insights for industry stakeholders to continuously improve their SCM practices in order to drive sustainable operations in the food manufacturing sector.

The Role of Auditors’ Code of Professional Conduct as a Moderating Variable on Auditor Performance

Amara Farah Tahar — 2025-04-30

Research on auditor performance is a compelling topic because various internal factors, namely auditor accountability, competency, and independence, may affect auditor performance. Previous research concluded that the results of the factors affecting auditor performance were found to be inconclusive (mixed results). This motivated this study to re-examine further using contingency variables, i.e., the code of professional conduct as the moderating variable. This study examines the role of auditors’ code of professional conduct to strengthen the relationship between internal/external factors and auditor performance. This study uses attribution theory to develop and test the hypotheses. This study used a survey method, an electronic questionnaire. The respondents in this study were public sector auditors in Indonesia, with 101 respondents. The data analysis used was a moderated regression analysis technique. This study examined the validity and reliability of the data to ensure that the instruments were valid and reliable. It is hypothesized that an auditor’s code of professional conduct strengthens the relationship between internal factors and auditor performance. The result showed that the auditors’ code of professional conduct served as a quasi-moderator that strengthened the relationship between the auditor’s accountability on performance, while for the relationship between the auditor’s competency and independence on performance, the auditors’ code of professional conduct served as a pure moderator. The limitations of this study are related to the timeframe of data collection due to the high level of tasks of public sector auditors. This study contributes to behavioral management accounting research on auditors’ performance.

Navigating Operational Risk: Developing Criteria for Operational Risk Management Maturity in the Wake of COVID-19

Erika Van der Westhuizen — 2025-04-30

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused many organizations to suffer losses and even close due to being unprepared to manage the effects of such a deadly disease. This pandemic can be regarded as an external event that is an underlying risk factor for operational risk. Therefore, it is apparent that the losses and disruptions caused by COVID-19 can be directly linked to operational risk, meaning that any loss and damage can be attributed to a shortcoming in adequate operational risk control measures. Although many organizations were prepared in one way or another, it seemed uncertain at what level of risk maturity an organization would have adequate control measures in place for operational risk exposures. The research aimed to establish criteria for operational risk management maturity. The research followed a non-systematic literature review to evaluate various criteria within the framework of risk management. The literature review identified 30 criteria that can help organizations assess, develop, and benchmark their operational risk maturity. The concept of risk maturity can help organizations determine their level of risk resilience to cope with major operational risk events. Future research can be conducted to confirm the criteria and assess their applicability in various organizations.

Transfer Pricing and Tax Avoidance: The Moderating Role of Thin Capitalization

Satria Yudha Nugraha — 2025-04-30

Indonesia's relatively low tax ratio compared to other countries indicated the persistent issue of corporate tax avoidance. This study aimed to examine the effect of transfer pricing on tax avoidance and to assess whether thin capitalization moderated this relationship. The sample consisted of mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2021 to 2023. Panel data regression with multiple linear analysis was employed to test the hypotheses. Tax avoidance was proxied by the negative value of the Effective Tax Rate (ETR), while thin capitalization was measured using the Maximum Allowable Debt (MAD) ratio. The results showed that transfer pricing had a significant positive effect on tax avoidance, supporting agency theory. However, thin capitalization weakened the impact of transfer pricing, indicating that companies tended to adopt either strategy to reduce tax risks. These findings provided practical implications for Indonesia’s tax governance, particularly in enhancing transfer pricing oversight and reinforcing thin capitalization regulations.

Insecurity in Secondary School Education: A Solution to Sustainable Development in Northern Nigeria

Chidubem Deborah Adamu — 2025-04-30

This study aimed to identify the causes of crime that exacerbate insecurity and hinder the sustainability of secondary education among teachers, parents and school administrators in Northern Nigeria. Three leading causes of insecurity challenges were examined, including school administrators' concerns about the safety of individuals and facilities, the need for well-trained and equipped security personnel to address security issues and the lack of employment opportunities for secondary school graduates in Northern Nigeria. The research questions were developed based on these causes. In order to facilitate questioning and observation of the phenomenon under investigation, a qualitative research approach grounded in the interpretative paradigm was used to collect data. A multi-stage sampling technique was adopted to purposively select three states in Northcentral, Northeastern, and Northwestern Nigeria and randomly select 36 parents, teachers, and school administrators. Unstructured in-depth interviews were conducted with the 36 participants. The interview questions were structured around the three research questions, and the responses were thematically analyzed. The study's findings highlight the importance of the government leveraging modern technology, such as electric-powered fences and CCTV cameras, to address security challenges and promote sustainable development in education. This paper suggests incorporating an "Education for Sustainability" subject into the Nigerian secondary education curriculum, in addition to the current emphasis on "security management" proposed by previous researchers.

Environmental Practices and Level of Awareness in Green Accounting: A Descriptive-Correlational Analysis among Accountancy Students

John Lester S. Agriam — 2025-04-30

Traditional accounting, which focuses on the monetary aspect, produces financial statements that are useful for different users; however, it omits different concerns that must be included. To address the shortcomings of this accounting method, the notion of green accounting must be established to address social and environmental issues in the accounting process. However, given insufficient information on the topic, the apprehension and application of the concept falter from its actual occurrence, although it is deemed significant. Hence, with accounting students as prospective accountants, understanding their roundabouts enables the quantification of these characteristics to serve as a basis for their perceptions of sound decision-making. The study’s objective is to evaluate environmental practices and awareness about green accounting and identify whether their sociodemographic profile has a moderating effect. The study used descriptive-correlational analysis, supported by a paper-based survey questionnaire, to gather data information, and was analyzed and explicitly interpreted on a five-point Likert scale. This study involved 200 respondents from various Higher Education Institutions in the Philippines. The significant relationship between ecological practices and green accounting awareness among accountancy students in the Philippines. A moderate level of understanding under awareness and frequent observance of environmental practices. Moreover, sociodemographic profiles did not moderate this relationship. Hence, institutions should be more active in directing students toward green accounting concepts for undergraduate research. As a result, this research contributes to the emerging field of green accounting, providing insights for educational institutions, businesses, and policymakers regarding the awareness and practices of future accountants in addressing environmental considerations.