Organization and Human Capital Development

Organizational Leadership in Africa: A Structured Review and Suggestions for Future Research

Eben Enslin — 2025-04-30

The field of organizational leadership has made significant progress in recent years, resulting in a substantial corpus of literature. Nevertheless, the African context continues to face challenges in the development of organizational leaders. This discrepancy underscores the necessity of additional research to investigate the leadership dynamics within the continent. This study seeks to address the knowledge gap on leadership's important role in solving Africa's organizational difficulties through a structured review process that ensures a reproducible and thorough synthesis of current literature. This article reviews 515 leadership studies conducted in Africa from 1960 to 2019. The purpose of this study was to broaden the understanding of leadership in the following ways: (i) Clarify the number and nature of organizational leadership studies in Africa vis-à-vis other leadership domains; (ii) Coding and categorize the theoretical and nomological network of organizational leadership articles in Africa; (iii) Provide a comprehensive analysis of the findings to comprehend the holistic research representation of organizational leadership in Africa; and (iv) Examine the instruments and methodologies employed in studies to assess organizational leadership on the continent. The outcomes have a dual purpose. Descriptive diachronic analysis allows scholars to explore an extensive collection of historical leadership literature. This article identifies four explanatory claims about African leadership research through a synchronic analysis. These are: (i) There is a notable scarcity of studies focusing on organizational leadership in Africa; (ii) Emic leadership scale development is a rarity; (iii) The effectiveness of techniques about organizational leadership development in Africa is debatable; and (iv) Many of the functions that managers are expected to fulfill are covered by organizational leadership theory. This comprehensive review significantly advances our efforts to understand and improve African organizational leadership practices.

Job Satisfaction, Gender and Development Awareness, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Government Employees

Rhey Laurente — 2025-04-30

This study explored the relationship between gender and development (GAD) awareness, job satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) among 300 employees of the Provincial Government Unit of the Philippines. The objective was to determine whether job satisfaction mediates the relationship between GAD awareness and OCB. A descriptive-correlational research design was employed to assess levels of GAD awareness, job satisfaction, and OCB while focusing on factors like compliance with national mandates, compensation, and interpersonal dynamics. Regression analysis and the Sobel z-test were used to evaluate the relationships among variables. Findings indicated high levels of GAD awareness and job satisfaction, with a strong association between job satisfaction and OCB; however, job satisfaction did not mediate the relationship between GAD awareness and OCB. This study underscored the necessity of addressing GAD awareness directly to enhance citizenship behavior and supported the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) #5 on gender equality. The conclusions suggest that local government units should implement targeted gender-sensitivity programmes and employee engagement strategies to foster inclusive and productive work environments

Relationship of Employee Value Proposition on Job Satisfaction and Loyalty in a Manufacturing Company in the Philippines

Jesus Briones — 2025-04-30

A strong Employee Value Proposition (EVP) enhances job satisfaction and loyalty by providing competitive compensation, career development opportunities, a positive work environment, work-life balance, and recognition. Previous studies have typically focused on only one component of EVP and have failed to provide a comprehensive understanding of how different aspects of EVP interact and collectively influence job satisfaction and loyalty. To address this gap, this study examined the relationship between three key components of EVP—compensation, career development, and work environment—and job satisfaction and loyalty within a manufacturing company in the Philippines, focusing on 73 employees. Employing a descriptive-correlation research design, data were gathered through printed research-made questionnaires and analyzed using frequency, percentage, weighted mean, standard deviation, and Pearson correlation coefficient as statistical tools. The study revealed that employees considered their EVP to be generally acceptable and confirmed their positive outlook on job satisfaction and loyalty. However, compensation, career development, and the work environment did not significantly impact job satisfaction and loyalty. These findings suggest that other factors, such as organizational culture, leadership, and interpersonal relationships, might play a more crucial role. Based on these findings, a strategic plan is proposed to address the identified weaknesses in the EVP, including reviewing and aligning compensation with job responsibilities, fostering an open communication culture, providing clear career development opportunities, and promoting core values within the work environment. This study can serve as a guide for enhancing job satisfaction and loyalty, ultimately leading to better employee retention and organizational performance.

Application of Total Quality Management to the Operational Performance of the PT Arohera Company

Antan Permata — 2025-04-30

This research examines how Total Quality Management (TQM) dimensions—management support, customer focus, teamwork, and training education—affect the operational performance of PT Arohera, a recognized player in the EPCM industry. Despite its strong reputation, the company has not met its 95% operational efficiency target due to challenges such as inadequate management support and ineffective teamwork. This study aims to demonstrate how enhancing these TQM dimensions can improve productivity, quality, and customer satisfaction, thereby offering practical insights for optimizing operational performance. Findings reveal that management support is crucial for enhancing operational performance, with a significant sample value of 0.449, while customer focus shows a negative sample value of -0.067, indicating inefficiencies in addressing customer needs. Teamwork positively impacts outcomes, with a sample value of 0.486, highlighting the importance of employee collaboration; however, training education appears less effective, as indicated by a sample value of 0.095, suggesting deficiencies in current training programs. This study employs a quantitative approach, with data collected through a structured questionnaire distributed via Google Forms to all respondents in PT Arohera. The collected data were tabulated and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to examine the impact of TQM practices on operational performance. Limitations include the study's focus on PT Arohera, which affects generalizability, and the potential oversight of other relevant factors influencing performance by concentrating solely on four TQM dimensions. This research contributes to the field by focusing on the direct relationship between TQM dimensions and operational performance within a single organization and providing targeted insights to address PT Arohera’s specific challenges and opportunities.

Working Capital Management's Impact on Profitability in Indonesia's Livestock Sector During COVID-19

Cipta Putra — 2025-04-30

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted various industries, including the livestock industry, which faces liquidity and operational efficiency challenges. This study examines the effects of cash turnover, accounts receivable turnover, inventory turnover, and net working capital on the profitability of livestock companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during this period. This study aims to identify the most influential working capital management components for maintaining financial performance in this sector during a crisis. This research employed a quantitative approach using multiple regression analysis and was processed using SPSS version 25. Data were obtained from annual financial reports of livestock companies that consistently published financial statements during the 2020–2022 period using purposive sampling. The findings indicate that cash and inventory turnover have a significant positive effect on profitability, highlighting the importance of liquidity efficiency and inventory management in sustaining financial performance in this sector. Conversely, accounts receivable turnover and net working capital have no significant impact, suggesting that credit policies and working capital allocation does not directly determine profitability. This study provides insights for financial managers and investors on optimal working capital management strategies for the livestock industry, particularly in navigating economic uncertainty. Future research should incorporate external factors, such as government policies, feed price fluctuations and global market conditions, as well as expand the scope of financial variables to enhance understanding of the key determinants of profitability in this sector.

New Public Management and Leadership in Indonesia: A Case Study of Bojonegoro

Amanda Setiorini — 2025-04-30

This paper analyzes the application of New Public Management (NPM) principles in Bojonegoro, East Java, Indonesia, during Suyoto’s leadership from 2008 to 2018. Through a qualitative case study utilizing interviews, policy analysis, and observational data, the research investigates how transparency, community engagement, and ethical governance contributed to Bojonegoro’s transformation from one of the poorest districts to a more progressive region. Key findings reveal innovative governance practices, such as participatory decision-making and technology integration for public involvement, alongside citizen empowerment initiatives. While these approaches highlight successes, the study also addresses enduring challenges, including entrenched corruption, bureaucratic inefficiency, and insufficient legal frameworks. These insights advocate for a balanced governance model that merges market-oriented strategies with ethical principles and community collaboration to advance sustainable development in Indonesia.

Chronic Work Stress and Health Promotion: A Narrative Review of Japan, South Africa, and the Netherlands

Mehdi Ebrahimi — 2025-04-30

Work-related stress manifests in diverse ways across national contexts.In Japan, a rigid work culture contributes to high levels of occupational stress and burnout, including karoshi (death by overwork); in South Africa, professionals face stressors linked to job insecurity, resource constraints, and workload imbalances; and in the Netherlands, despite progressive labor policies, sector-specific stressors remain prevalent. This review paper explores these variations in chronic workplace stress and examines the role of self-care and health promotion initiatives, while also identifying critical gaps in the current literature across Japan, South Africa, and the Netherlands to suggest directions for future research. Employing a narrative approach that allows for a comprehensive overview of diverse perspectives without the constraints of predefined inclusion criteria, thisreview synthesizes findings from peer-reviewed literature and authoritative reports. The findings shed light onhow occupational health policies, supportive workplace cultures and structures, health promotion, and targeted stress management strategies play a vital role in addressing work-related stress. Nonetheless, the effectiveness of these measures varies substantially across national contexts, underscoring the need for tailored, context-specific approaches. This study concludes that although current interventions demonstrate varying levels of effectiveness, they also reveal significant gaps that highlight the need for more integrated, evidence-based, and context-sensitive strategies for managing chronic workplace stress.

Impact of Workplace Diversity on Employee Performance

Itunu Olu-Ogunleye — 2025-04-30

This study represents a critical analysis of the impact of workplace diversity on employees' performance in Wema Bank Plc, Nigeria. The objectives of the study are to discuss the concept and context of workplace diversity, examine the dynamics of employee performance in Wema Bank, establish the relationship between workplace diversity and employee performance, identify the key factors that influence both, and apply relevant theories and models in addressing the objectives. The research was, therefore, conducted under the philosophical approach of positivism, where a survey method was adapted to collect primary data through questionnaires from Wema Bank Plc employees. Statistical tools were used for analyzing the relationship of variables, and regression analysis was one of them. The findings indicate that workplace diversity positively influences employee performance and inclusivity, diversity training, and leadership support are some of the key drivers of this relationship. The findings lead the study to recommend that Wema Bank Plc should enhance diversity through targeted diversity training programs, create an enabling workplace culture that embraces inclusiveness, and ensure that the leadership is committed to the pursuit of diversity initiatives. This study emphasizes the important role of workplace diversity in enhancing employee performance and provides practical strategies for organizational advancement.

Freelancers in the Creative Industries An In-Depth Analysis of Flexibility and Uncertainty

Evina Delavani — 2025-04-30

This study analyzes work flexibility in freelancing, whether it provides more freedom or creates challenges, and explores freelancers' strategies in dealing with uncertainty. Using a qualitative approach through interviews, this study shows the results that, on the one hand, flexibility provides freedom in choosing projects, organizing work time, and ways of working, which has an impact on the freedom to be able to choose the type and number of projects, positive mental stimulation, adjusting work and personal life, ease of reaching professional networks and stimulation of creativity. However, on the other hand, flexibility also brings challenges, such as the lack of protection for the projects worked on, facing clients with various characteristics, indistinct boundaries between personal and professional life, and the risk of working late into the night and weekends. In addition, freelancers face uncertainties regarding project stability, income, and long-term career prospects, which leads them to employ various strategies such as good time management, seeking alternative opportunities, implementing effective marketing strategies, sound financial management, developing skills outside their primary field, and moonlighting. This research provides insight into freelancers' work dynamics and its implications for human resource management in the creative industry.

Keywords: Freelancer; Creative industry; Flexibility; Uncertainty