Journal of Healthcare and Biomedical Science

Body Fat Percentage Prediction Model of Female Republic of Indonesia Defense University Cadet

Dwi Monik Purnamasari — 2024-06-30

The incidence of obesity among female adolescents and adults continues to rise in Indonesia, posing significant health risks, such as cardiovascular diseases. Female cadets at the Republic of Indonesia Defense University (RIDU) are reserve members in national defense, and their performance is correlated with their nutritional status; therefore, their nutritional status should be closely monitored. Anthropometric examination is a method for nutritional assessment that incorporates body fat percentage (BFP) as part of body composition analysis. Predictive models for BFP can help identify obesity rates within a population. In Indonesia, no research has focused on BFP prediction models specifically for female RIDU cadets. This study aimed to develop a model to estimate BFP in this group. Conducted in August 2021, the research employed a quantitative cross-sectional approach involving 108 female students aged 18 to 20 from RIDU who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study analyzed the relationship between BFP (measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis, or BIA) and independent variables such as age, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC). Pearson correlation tests and multivariate linear regression were used to create the prediction model. Findings showed an average BFP of 28.303% ± 6.37%. BMI had the strongest correlation with BFP (r = 0.722). The resulting predictive model is BFP = -94.055 + 39.064*WC + 1.073*age + 1.420*BMI, with an adjusted R square value of 0.535, indicating the model’s explanatory power. This study showed the first to predict BFP in female RIDU cadets. Age, BMI, and WC were predictors of BFP among female RIDU cadets.

Nephroprotective Potentials of Ethanol Leaf Extract of Balakat Tree (Ziziphus Talanai) (Blanco) Merrill. Against Gentamicin- Induced Nephrotoxicity in Male Icr Mice (Mus Musculus L.)

Oliver Ysais Galang — 2024-06-30

Renal dysfunction can be caused by antibiotic drugs like Gentamicin, which can induce lipid peroxidation, increase free radical synthesis, and decrease antioxidant activity, leading to kidney failure. In the antiques, Philippines, an endemic species of Ziziphus, Ziziphus talanai (Balakat tree), is used as a traditional medicine to treat kidney problems. Phytochemical screening of the ethanol leaf extract of the Balakat tree revealed its potential as a nephroprotective agent. Twelve 6- to 8-week-old male ICR mice were divided into four groups, and treatments were administered for 18 days. Gentamicin was administered intraperitoneally, whereas water, leaf extract, and garlic supplement were administered via oral gavage. The ethanolic leaf extract of the Balakat tree exhibited little potential as a nephroprotective agent at the single dosage used (0.3ml/20g bw), and further studies involving higher doses are recommended. These findings suggest that the ethanolic leaf extract of the balakat tree has potential as a nephroprotective agent. Further studies with higher doses are recommended.

In Vivo and In Vitro Anti-Hyperglycemic and Hypolipidemic Effect of Atili (Canarium Schweinfurthii) on Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats

Abubakar Ibrahim Garba — 2024-06-30

Canarium schweinfurthii is used as a traditional treatment for diabetes mellitus in Nigeria and other African countries, according to ethnobotanical records. However, scientific evidence has not yet been published. This study aimed to evaluate the antidiabetic effects of Canarium schweinfurthii fruit pulp ethanol extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. A type II diabetic rat model (TDRM) was established via high-fat diet and Streptozotocin induced diabetes. Diabetic rats were randomized into five different groups; the control group (n = 6) (common diet) and high-fat diet (HFD) groups fed with ethanolic extract at 100, 200, 400, and 600 mg/ml (n = 24). At these doses, the blood glucose was lowered by 57.68% to 80.17%. For hypolipidemic test, total cholesterol was lowered from 162.33 mg/dL to 70.19 mg/dL; Glyceride from 166.91 mg/dL to 68.61mg/dL. Creatinine from 6.77 mg/dL to 6.42 mg/dL. Alanine Aminotransferase was 151.3 to 53.31 µI/L in 600mg group. Aspartate Aminotransferase enzyme decrease from 130.4 µI/L to 40.81 µI/L. This study confirmed the antidiabetic effects of Canarium schweinfurthii fruit extract.

Biochemical and Histopathological Assessment of Some Organs in Rats Administered Picralima Nitida Aqueous Fruit-Pulp Extract

Ilenowa Julius Owie — 2024-06-30

Picralima nitida (Apocynaceae) is frequently used in ethnomedicine to manage various illnesses. The potential and safety of P. nitida aqueous, unripe fruit-pulp extract were assessed. Unripe P. nitida fruit pulp was cleaned, dried to a persistent mass, and crushed to powder. Then, it was immersed in distilled water for 72 h, filtered, and freeze-dried. The study involved six groups of rats, each with an average weight of 160–185 g, who were given 200–3000 mg/kg of pulp's aqueous extract daily for 35 days, with weekly measurements of weight, fasting blood glucose levels, and feed intake. Blood samples were obtained for biochemical tests, and certain organs underwent histopathological examination. A considerable (P > 0.05) increase in body weight was accompanied by a significant (P > 0.05) decrease in blood glucose and cholesterol levels. The relative organ weights did not differ significantly at a significance level of P > 0.05. ALT increased as doses of the extract rose. Serum electrolytes were altered at higher extract concentrations. The urea and creatinine concentrations were not appreciably changed. The hematological assessment revealed no variations in the quantity of leukocytes (total and differential), but there was a significant increase in hemoglobin at low doses. Histopathological studies revealed heart myocarditis, kidney tubular necrosis, liver hepatitis, pancreatitis, and bronchiolar mucosa ulceration in unripe P. nitida fruit pulp extract at a dosage of 3000 mg/kg body weight. The findings revealed that unripe P. nitida fruit pulp extract is relatively safe at low concentrations.

Anti-Angiogenic Activity of Sabungai (Gynura procumbens) using a Cancer-induced Chicken Embryo

Armie Joyce P. Aterrado — 2024-06-30

Cancer has been increasing over recent years and is considered the primary cause of mortality following cardiovascular disease. Angiogenesis, the biological process by which new blood vessels are generated, plays a crucial role in the growth and spread of tumors. The objective of this study was to assess the anti-angiogenic activity of different Sabungai (Gynura procumbens) leaf extract concentrations in the Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM) of cancer-induced chicken embryos. The results of a one-way analysis of variance (25.20 ± 2.70, 27.20 ± 1.08, and 22.80 ± 1.66) indicated a statistically significant difference in CAM vascularization between the various treatments. Post hoc analysis utilizing Tukey's Honest Significant Difference (HSD) test revealed that Treatment 2 (300ppt) significantly affected CAM vascularization, as evidenced by an average vascularization count of 27.20 ± 1.08, followed by Treatment 1 (100ppt) and Treatment 3 (500ppt). The results indicated that the extract from Sabungai leaves effectively hinders the formation of new blood vessels in a dose-dependent manner. The highest concentration of leaf extract (500 ppt) resulted in an average vascularization of 22.80 ± 1.66. However, excessively high doses can cause bleeding and embryo death. The results demonstrated that sabungai leaf extract affected blood vessel development in chicken embryos. The results of this research have various implications that contribute to scientific knowledge and potential applications in cancer treatment.