Do entrepreneurial education and motivation relate to gender? A quantitative study from Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31098/quant.566Keywords:
Entrepreneurship, Education, Motivation, Gender, Chi-square test of independenceAbstract
The increasing number of entrepreneurship programs, formal or nonformal, intends to increase the number of entrepreneurs in Indonesia. However, the number of entrepreneurs may not be associated with whether a person had been enrolling in entrepreneurship education. This study analyzes the association between entrepreneurial education and entrepreneurial motivation. Furthermore, we also want to investigate whether the two variables mentioned above have a correlation with gender. Of 101 collected respondents, the results are generated using the Chi-square independence test for data analysis. We found no association between gender and entrepreneurial motivation, no association between entrepreneurial education and entrepreneurial motivation, and no association between gender and entrepreneurial education. Thus, entrepreneurial motivation is fundamentally subjective and does not consider gender. This result generates significant recommendations for the Indonesian government to improve entrepreneurial activities and motivation in the future.
References
Rahayu, N. (2017). Kewirausahaan Akan Jadi Program Prioritas Pemerintah [online]. Accessed on 27 May 2019.
Iqbal, A. M. (2018). Tumbuhkan Kewirausahaan Pemuda, Pemerintah Pusat dan Daerah Perlu Bersinergi [online]. Accessed on 27 May 2019.
Lavinda (2018). Pemangkasan Pajak UMKM Diklaim Mampu Tingkatkan Daya Saing [online]. Accessed on 27 May 2019.
Statistics Indonesia (2018). Persentase penduduk menurut provinsi dan jenis kelamin [online]. Accessed on 27 May 2019.
Japhta, R., Murthy, P., Fahmi, Y., Marina, A., & Gupta, A. (2016). UKM yang dimiliki Wanita di Indonesia: Kesempatan Emas untuk Institusi Keuangan Lokal [online].
Humbert, A. L., & Drew, E. (2010). Gender, entrepreneurship and motivational factors in an Irish context. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 2(2), 173-196. https://doi.org/10.1108/17566261011051026
Alsos, G. A., Isaksen, E. J., & Ljunggren, E. (2006). New venture financing and subsequent business growth in men–and women-led businesses. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 30(5), 667-686. https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1540-6520.2006.00141.x
Sullivan, D. M., & Meek, W. R. (2012). Gender and entrepreneurship: a review and process model. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 27(5), 428-458. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683941211235373
Wilson, F., Kickul, J., & Marlino, D. (2007). Gender, entrepreneurial self–efficacy, and entrepreneurial career intentions: Implications for entrepreneurship education. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 31(3), 387-406. https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1540-6520.2007.00179.x
Sonfield, M., Lussier, R., Corman, J., & McKinney, M. (2001). Gender comparisons in strategic decision?making: an empirical analysis of the entrepreneurial strategy matrix. Journal of Small Business Management, 39(2), 165-173. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-627X.00015
Burke, A. E., Fitzroy, F. R., & Nolan, M. A. (2002). Self-employment wealth and job creation: The roles of gender, non-pecuniary motivation and entrepreneurial ability. Small Business Economics, 19(3), 255-270. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1019698607772
Farhangmehr, M., Gonçalves, P., & Sarmento, M. (2016). Predicting entrepreneurial motivation among university students: The role of entrepreneurship education. Education+ Training, 58(7/8). https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-01-2016-0019
Hsu, D. K., Shinnar, R. S., & Powell, B. C. (2014). Expectancy theory and entrepreneurial motivation: A longitudinal examination of the role of entrepreneurship education. Journal of Business and Entrepreneurship, 26(1), 121-140.
Byabashaija, W., & Katono, I. (2011). The impact of college entrepreneurial education on entrepreneurial attitudes and intention to start a business in Uganda. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 16(01), 127-144. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1084946711001768
Dana, L. P. (1992). Entrepreneurial education in Europe. Journal of Education for Business, 68(2), 74-78. https://doi.org/10.1080/08832323.1992.10117590
Bhandari, N. C. (2006). Intention for entrepreneurship among students in India. The Journal of Entrepreneurship, 15(2), 169-179. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F097135570601500204
Eijdenberg, E. L., & Masurel, E. (2013). Entrepreneurial motivation in a least developed country: Push factors and pull factors among MSEs in Uganda. Journal of Enterprising Culture, 21(01), 19-43. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218495813500027
Barba-Sánchez, V., & Atienza-Sahuquillo, C. (2012). Entrepreneurial behavior: Impact of motivation factors on decision to create a new venture. Investigaciones Europeas de Dirección y Economía de la Empresa, 18(2), 132-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1135-2523(12)70003-5
Baron, R. A., & Henry, R. A. (2011). Entrepreneurship: The genesis of organizations. In APA handbook of industrial and organizational psychology, Vol 1: Building and developing the organization. (pp. 241-273). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/12169-008
Mitchell, B. C. (2004). Motives of entrepreneurs: A case study of South Africa. The Journal of Entrepreneurship, 13(2), 167-183. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F097135570401300203
Baltar, F., & Brunet, I. (2012). Social research 2.0: virtual snowball sampling method using Facebook. Internet Research, 22(1), 57-74. https://doi.org/10.1108/10662241211199960
Cohen, N., & Arieli, T. (2011). Field research in conflict environments: Methodological challenges and snowball sampling. Journal of Peace Research, 48(4), 423-435.
https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0022343311405698
Henry, C., Foss, L., & Ahl, H. (2016). Gender and entrepreneurship research: A review of methodological approaches. International Small Business Journal, 34(3), 217-241. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0266242614549779
Madhoushi, M., Sadati, A., Delavari, H., Mehdivand, M., & Mihandost, R. (2011). Entrepreneurial orientation and innovation performance: The mediating role of knowledge management. Asian Journal of Business Management, 3(4), 310-316.
Dubravská, M., Mura, L., Kotuli?, R., & Novotný, J. (2015). Internationalization of entrepreneurship-Motivating factors: Case study of the Slovak Republic. Acta Polytechnic Hungarica, 12(5), 121-133.
McHugh, M. L. (2013). The chi-square test of independence. Biochemia Medica, 23(2), 143-149. https://doi.org/10.11613/BM.2013.018
Downloads
Article Metrics
- 69 times
- 84 times