The Effect of the Growth Mindset and Campus Environment on Cadet Academic Performance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31098/ijmesh.v8i2.2798Abstract
Cadets’ academic performance is commonly influenced by internal and external factors. The internal factor that mostly influences cadets’ academic performance is growth mindset, meanwhile the external factor is campus environment. The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of growth mindset and campus environment on cadets' academic performance. This study is a quantitative study with an ex-post facto method. The research instrument was a questionnaire given to 100 participants. The data analysis technique used multiple linear analysis by using SPSS application. The results of the study showed that there was a positive effect of growth mindset and campus environment on cadets' academic performance. From the results of this study, it can be recommended that in order to improve cadets' academic performance, the learning curriculum must be able to develop cadets' thinking skills, and the campus environment must be conducive and supportive. Furthermore, institutions are advised to organize course or training programs that focus on developing cadets' thinking skills, so that cadets can be more proactive in learning activities and have growth mindset for the future. Although this study has been conducted optimally, there are several limitations that can be used as recommendations for future research. This study used a quantitative approach, further researchers are advised to use a qualitative or mix-method approach to explore more deeply the relationship between these three variables. In addition, further research needs to consider other factors that influence cadets' academic performance, such as intrinsic motivation, teaching quality, and family support.
Downloads
References
Abduh, M., Hasnur, J., & Siska, S. Y. (2022). The effect of maritime English vocabulary for beginners module on the vocabulary learning outcomes. Jurnal Pendidikan Vokasi, 12(2), 117–129. https://doi.org/10.21831/jpv.v12i2.49033
Aboh, E. E., Saaondo, P., & Haladu, A. (2024). Operational Stress, Coping Strategies and Psychological Well- Being Among Paramilitary Officers in the Bade Local Government Area of Yobe State. Organization and Human Capital Development, 3(2), 71–83. https://doi.org/10.31098/orcadev.v3i2.2431
Alam, M. J., Ullah, M. S., Islam, M., & Chowdhury, T. A. (2024). Human resource management practices and employee engagement: The moderating effect of supervisory role. Powerful Business and Management, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2318802
Alhaza, K., Abdel-Salam, A. G., Mollazehi, M. D., Ismail, R. M., Bensaid, A., Johnson, C., Al-Tameemi, R. A. N., Hasan, M. A., & Romanowski, M. H. (2021). Factors affecting university image among undergraduate students: The case study of Qatar University. Powerful Education, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2021.1977106
Almulla, M. A. (2023). Constructivism learning theory: A paradigm for students’ critical thinking, creativity, and problem solving to affect academic performance in higher education. Powerful Education, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2023.2172929
AlZahrani, W. I., & Oommen, A. (2023). Role of vitamin D in the academic performance of health sciences students in Saudi Arabia. Arab Gulf Journal of Scientific Research, 41(1), 40–47. https://doi.org/10.1108/AGJSR-04-2022-0028
Amaro, L., & Scheepers, C. B. (2023). Exploring the nexus between microlevel and contextual influencers on women leaders’ paradox mindset. Gender in Management, 38(1), 36–56. https://doi.org/10.1108/GM-11-2021-0335
van Assen, M. F., & Caniëls, M. C. J. (2022). Economic and social LMX and innovative work behavior: The moderating effect of paradox mindset. European Journal of Innovation Management, 25(6), 1057–1075. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-05-2022-0234
Aulia, A. N., Hermawan, I., & Purnamasari, E. (2024). Enhancing Organizational Performance: Can Innovative Millennial Entrepreneurship and Business Continuity Take on A Mediating Role?. Organization and Human Capital Development, 3(2), 84–96. https://doi.org/10.31098/orcadev.v3i2.2419
Ayoub/Al-Salim, M. I., & Aladwan, K. (2021). The relationship between academic integrity of online university students and its effects on academic performance and learning quality. Journal of Ethics in Entrepreneurship and Technology, 1(1), 43–60. https://doi.org/10.1108/jeet-02-2021-0009
Bedford, D. S., Granlund, M., & Lukka, K. (2023). Safeguarding the unknown: Performance measurement, academic agency and the meaning of research quality in practice. Accounting, Auditing and Accountability Journal, 36(9), 281–308. https://doi.org/10.1108/AAAJ-08-2022-5986
Bentsi-Enchill, F. (2024). Teachers’ role and factors hindering Ghanaian high school students’ academic performance using Walberg’s educational productivity. Powerful Education, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2024.2393924
Berhanu, K. Z., & Sewagegn, A. A. (2024). The role of perceived campus climate in students’ academic achievements as mediated by students’ engagement in higher education institutions. Powerful Education, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2024.2377839
Bonsaksen, T., Tannoubi, A., Stigen, L., Gramstad, A., Carstensen, T., & Mørk, G. (2024). Study approaches mediate associations between learning environment and academic performance. Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 31(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/11038128.2024.2385043
Borentain, S., Williamson, D., Turkoz, I., Popova, V., McCall, W. V., Mathews, M., & Wiegand, F. (2021). Effect of sleep disturbance on efficacy of esketamine in treatment-resistant depression: Findings from randomized controlled trials. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 17, 3459–3470. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S339090
Calhoun, C. C., & Stroter, A. (2024). A quantitative correlation study of demographic predictors of academic achievement among middle school victims of bullying. Pastoral Care in Education, 00(00), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/02643944.2024.2403659
Campbell, A. L., Direito, I., & Mokhithi, M. (2021). Developing growth mindsets in engineering students: A systematic literature review of interventions. European Journal of Engineering Education, 46(4), 503–527. https://doi.org/10.1080/03043797.2021.1903835
Cheng, W., & Nguyen, P. N. T. (2024). Academic motivations and the risk of not in employment, education or training: University and vocational college undergraduates comparison. Education and Training, 66(10), 91–105. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-05-2024-0203
Cherewick, M., Hipp, E., Njau, P., & Dahl, R. E. (2023). Growth mindset, persistence, and self-efficacy in early adolescents: Associations with depression, anxiety, and externalizing behaviors. Global Public Health, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2023.2213300
Chew, Q. H., Tan, E., Sum, M. Y., & Sim, K. (2021). Inter-relationships between perception of educational environment and learning processes within medical undergraduate psychiatry teaching: A mediational analysis. Medical Education Online, 26(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/10872981.2021.1998944
Corpuz, J. T., Peña, G. S., & Baconguis, R. D. T. (2022). Achievement, affiliation, power and academic performance of business management students of a state university in Cavite, Philippines. Powerful Social Sciences, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2022.2060538
Ebekozien, A., & Aigbavboa, C. (2022). Evaluation of built environment programmes accreditation in the 21st-century education system in Nigeria: Stakeholders’ perspective. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 41(6), 102–118. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBPA-02-2022-0027
Ebekozien, A., Aigbavboa, C., Ikuabe, M., & Thwala, W. D. (2023). The built environment craftmanship in higher education institutions: Issues and prospects from stakeholders’ perception. Education and Training, 65(3), 492–509. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-03-2022-0086
Fitriani, E. (2024). The impact of student attachment on university reputation: An analysis of perceived quality and perceived value. International Journal of Marketing and Digital Creative, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.31098/ijmadic.v2i2.2328
Guarini, E., Magli, F., & Francesconi, A. (2020). Academic logics in changing performance measurement systems: An exploration in a university setting. Qualitative Research in Accounting and Management, 17(1), 109–142. https://doi.org/10.1108/QRAM-06-2019-0076
Guthrie, J., Manes-Rossi, F., Levy Orelli, R., & Sforza, V. (2024). Performance management and measurement impacts on universities: (Re)Viewing the past, present and future. Journal of Public Budgeting, Accounting and Financial Management, 36(6), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPBAFM-10-2023-0176
Haque, M. N., Abtahee, M., Islam, A. A., & Sadiq, M. A. (2023). Students’ perception of environmental sustainability (ES) exercises at higher education institutions (HEIs) in Bangladesh. Frontiers in Engineering and Built Environment, 3(3), 167–179. https://doi.org/10.1108/febe-07-2022-0030
Irwan, I., Putra, R. W., Erlinda, N., & Andini, N. F. (2024). Influence of parenting patterns and self-efficacy on the leadership of cadet regiment at Merchant Marine Polytechnic of West Sumatera. International Journal of Islamic Educational Psychology, 5(1), 86–106. https://doi.org/10.18196/ijiep.v5i1.22134
Irwan, R. W. P., & Devin, H. (2024). Development of operational level practical test instrument by using competency-based assessment model. Cetta: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 7(4), 69–80. https://doi.org/10.37329/cetta.v7i4.3665
Jorif, M., & Burleigh, C. (2022). Secondary teachers’ perspectives on sustaining growth mindset concepts in instruction. Journal of Research in Innovative Teaching and Learning, 15(1), 23–40. https://doi.org/10.1108/JRIT-04-2020-0020
Kallio, K. M., Kallio, T. J., Grossi, G., & Engblom, J. (2021). Institutional logic and scholars’ reactions to performance measurement in universities. Accounting, Auditing and Accountability Journal, 34(9), 104–130. https://doi.org/10.1108/AAAJ-03-2018-3400
Kangas, N. M., Kumar, V. K., Moore, B. J., Flickinger, C. A., & Barnett, J. L. (2023). Development of a leadership mindset scale. Journal of Leadership Education, 22(1), 77–95. https://doi.org/10.12806/v22/i1/r5
Karhapää, A., Rikala, P., Pöysä-Tarhonen, J., & Hämäläinen, R. (2024). Digital environments as sites for informal workplace learning in knowledge work. Journal of Workplace Learning, 36(9), 19–36. https://doi.org/10.1108/JWL-11-2023-0184
Kjærgaard, A., Buhl-Wiggers, J., & Mikkelsen, E. N. (2024). Does gradeless learning affect students’ academic performance? A study of effects over time. Studies in Higher Education, 49(2), 336–350. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2023.2233007
Kocsis, Á., & Molnár, G. (2024). Factors influencing academic performance and dropout rates in higher education. Oxford Review of Education, 00(00), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/03054985.2024.2316616
Lassen, E. R., Lia, S. A., Hjertaas, I., Hjemdal, O., Kennair, L. E. O., Hagen, R., & Solem, S. (2024). Patient motivation and adherence in metacognitive therapy for major depressive disorder: An observational study. Cognitive Behavior Therapy, 53(2), 220–234. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506073.2023.2289863
Lestari, S., Adira, N., & Mukminin, G. U. (2024). Eksplorasi growth mindset pada mahasiswa. Jurnal Psikologi Insight, 8(1), 73–80. https://doi.org/10.17509/insight.v8i1.68483
Limniou, M., Duret, D., & Hands, C. (2020). Comparisons between three disciplines regarding device usage in a lecture theater, academic performance and learning. Higher Education Pedagogies, 5(1), 132–147. https://doi.org/10.1080/23752696.2020.1797522
Lindeberg, P., Saunila, M., Lappalainen, P., Ukko, J., & Rantanen, H. (2023). The relationship between various social work environment elements and hybrid worker well-being. Facilities, 42(15–16), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1108/F-03-2023-0019
Liu, Y., Wang, Y., Liu, R. D., Ding, Y., Wang, J., & Mu, X. (2022). How classroom environment influences academic enjoyment in mathematics among Chinese middle school students: Moderated mediation effect of academic self-concept and academic achievement. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 15, 2035–2048. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S371092
Luo, Q., Chen, L., Yu, D., & Zhang, K. (2023). The mediating role of learning engagement between self-efficacy and academic achievement among Chinese college students. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 16, 1533–1543. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S401145
Mahama, I., Amoako, I., Nandzo, A., & Eshun, P. (2024). Academic mindfulness, self-regulated learning and school engagement as predictors of academic resilience among high school students in Ghana. Powerful Education, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2024.2403282
Manaig, K. A., Yazon, A. D., Tesoro, J. F. B., Buama, C. A. C., & Sapin, S. B. (2024). Unraveling the connections: Exploring the relationship between teaching effectiveness and academic achievement in blended learning environments. Advanced Journal of STEM Education, 2(2), 80-94. https://doi.org/10.31098/ajosed.v2i2.2718
Maniriho, A. (2024). Satisfaction and academic performance of undergraduate economics students. Powerful Education, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2024.2326707
Mao, Y., Xie, B., Chen, B., Cai, Y., Wu, J., Zhang, J., Shao, R., & Li, Y. (2022). Mediating effect of sleep quality on the relationship between electronic screen media use and academic performance among college students. Nature and Science of Sleep, 14, 323–334. https://doi.org/10.2147/NSS.S346851
Martin, H., Craigwell, R., & Ramjarrie, K. (2022). Grit, motivational belief, self-regulated learning (SRL), and academic achievement of civil engineering students. European Journal of Engineering Education, 47(4), 535–557. https://doi.org/10.1080/03043797.2021.2021861
Mashartanto, A., Pranata, W., & Siska, S. Y. (2024). Development of learning media maritime English textbook for ratings forming. JOLLT Journal of Languages and Language Teaching, 12(3), 1238–1252. https://doi.org/10.33394/jollt.v12i3.11337
Meierdirk, C., & Fleischer, S. (2022). Exploring the mindset and resilience of student teachers. Teacher Development, 26(2), 263–278. https://doi.org/10.1080/13664530.2022.2048687
Phillips, M. D., Nyonna, D. Y., Volker, J. X., Weddington, A. B., & Williams, T. L. (2024). Redesigning the capital budgeting process to support large firm growth: A case for the entrepreneurial mindset. Journal of Ethics in Entrepreneurship and Technology, 4(1), 26–35. https://doi.org/10.1108/jeet-05-2024-0012
Pilotti, M., Alkuhayli, H., & Al Ghazo, R. (2022). Memorization practice and academic success in Saudi undergraduate students. Learning and Teaching in Higher Education: Gulf Perspectives, 18(1), 19–31. https://doi.org/10.1108/LTHE-08-2020-0030
Ridwan, M. E., Mashartanto, A. A., & Siska, S. Y. (2021). Strategi coping dalam menghadapi stres pada taruna/i penyusun karya tulis akhir. Jurnal Cakrawala Bahari, 4(1), 23–50. https://doi.org/10.70031/jkb.v4i1.28
Sellon, A., Sunderman, H., & McElravy, L. J. (2023). Transforming leadership education undergraduate advising: Incorporating growth mindset and design thinking. Journal of Leadership Education, 22(2), 91–111. https://doi.org/10.12806/V22/I2/A2
Setiawan, A., Martono, T., & Gunarhadi, G. (2018). The analysis of learning infrastructure (LI), learning motivation (LM) and economics learning achievement (ELA). Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn), 12(2), 236–243. https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v12i2.8124
Soares, I., Venhorst, V., Weitkamp, G., & Yamu, C. (2022). The impact of the built environment on creativity in public spaces of Dutch university campuses and science parks. Journal of Urban Design, 27(1), 91–109. https://doi.org/10.1080/13574809.2021.1945433
Sousa, B. J., & Clark, A. M. (2024). Growth mindsets in academics and academia: A review of influence and interventions. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 00(00), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/1360080X.2024.2384003
Suharmanto, S., Hermawan, I., Inayah, I., & Khoerunisa, A. (2024). Building Readiness to Change in Organization through the Role of Affective Commitment and Personal Characteristics. International Journal of Management, Entrepreneurship, Social Science and Humanities, 8(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.31098/ijmesh.v8i1.2561
Sum, C., Lau, Y. Y., & Chan, I. (2022). The differences between students’ fixed and growth mindsets: A case of study tour between Hong Kong and Canada. Public Administration and Policy, 25(3), 235–249. https://doi.org/10.1108/PAP-03-2022-0022
Thamrin, R. A., & Hutasuhut, S. (2023). Key factors to foster academic performance in online learning environment: Evidence from Indonesia during COVID-19 pandemic. Powerful Education, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2023.2174726
Thygesen, H., Gramstad, A., Åsli, L. A., Stigen, L., Magne, T. A., Carstensen, T., & Bonsaksen, T. (2020). Associations between learning environment factors and student satisfaction among occupational therapy students. Irish Journal of Occupational Therapy, 48(2), 91–100. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOT-10-2019-0015
Wingen, S., Graczyk, T., Wingen, T., & Dohle, S. (2024). Mindsets at work: Understanding the positive impact of growth mindsets on workplace coaching. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 46(5), 381–397. https://doi.org/10.1080/01973533.2024.2382718
Yuan, Rong Man, Wen Ya Peng, and Jiang Jiang. 2024. “Relationship Between Growth Mindset and Self-Control Amongst Chinese Primary School Students: A Longitudinal Study.” Psychology Research and Behavior Management 17:3101–9. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S468490
Zhang, P., Wang, Y., Chen, X., Yan, W., Zhu, Y., & Peng, K. (2023). Beyond the bell: Exploring the link between time allocation and extracurricular activities and academic performance in Chinese adolescents. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 28(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2023.2277379
Zhao, H., Li, Y., Wan, L., & Li, K. (2023). Grit and academic self-efficacy as serial mediation in the relationship between growth mindset and academic delay of gratification: A cross-sectional study. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 16, 3185–3198. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S421544
Downloads
Article Metrics
- 0 times
- 0 times
Published
Citation Check
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Juliandri Hasnur, Elfira Wirza, Langan

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright Notice: 1. License
International Journal of Management, Entrepreneurship, Social Science and Humanities has CC-BY NC or an equivalent license as the optimal license for the publication, distribution, use, and reuse of scholarly work for non-commercial purpose. The non-commercial use of the article will be governed by the Creative Commons Attribution license as currently displayed on Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
Creative Commons License
2. Author’s Warranties
The author warrants that the article is original, written by stated author(s), has not been published before, contains no unlawful statements, does not infringe the rights of others, is subject to copyright that is vested exclusively in the author and free of any third party rights, and that any necessary written permissions to quote from other sources have been obtained by the author(s).
3. User Rights
International Journal of Management, Entrepreneurship, Social Science and Humanities objective is to disseminate articles published are as free as possible. Under the Creative Commons license, this journal permits users to copy, distribute, display, and perform the work for non-commercial purposes only. Users will also need to attribute authors and this journal on distributing works in the journal.
4. Rights of Authors
Authors retain the following rights:
Copyright, and proprietary rights relating to the article, such as patent rights,
The right to use the substance of the article in future own works, including lectures and books,
The right to reproduce the article for own purposes,
The right to self-archive the article,
the right to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the article's published version (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal (International Journal of Management, Entrepreneurship, Social Science and Humanities).
The author has a non-exclusive publishing contract with a publisher and the work is published with a more restrictive license, the author retains all the rights to publish the work elsewhere, including commercially, because she/he is not subject to the conditions of her / his own license, regardless of the type of CC license chosen.
5. Co-Authorship
If the article was jointly prepared by other authors, the signatory of this form warrants that he/she has been authorized by all co-authors to sign this agreement on their behalf, and agrees to inform his/her co-authors of the terms of this agreement.
6. Termination
This agreement can be terminated by the author or International Journal of Management, Entrepreneurship, Social Science and Humanities upon two months’ notice where the other party has materially breached this agreement and failed to remedy such breach within a month of being given the terminating party’s notice requesting such breach to be remedied. No breach or violation of this agreement will cause this agreement or any license granted in it to terminate automatically or affect the definition of International Journal of Management, Entrepreneurship, Social Science and Humanities.
7. Royalties
This agreement entitles the author to no royalties or other fees. To such extent as legally permissible, the author waives his or her right to collect royalties relative to the article in respect of any use of the article by This agreement can be terminated by the International Journal of Management, Entrepreneurship, Social Science and Humanities upon two months’ notice where the other party has materially breached this agreement and failed to remedy such breach within a month of being given the terminating party’s notice requesting such breach to be remedied. No breach or violation of this agreement will cause this agreement or any license granted in it to terminate automatically or affect the definition of International Journal of Management, Entrepreneurship, Social Science and Humanities or its sublicensee.
8. Miscellaneous
International Journal of Management, Entrepreneurship, Social Science and Humanities will publish the article (or have it published) in the journal if the article’s editorial process is successfully completed and International Journal of Management, Entrepreneurship, Social Science and Humanities or its sublicensee has become obligated to have the article International Journal of Management, Entrepreneurship, Social Science and Humanities may conform the article to a style of punctuation, spelling, capitalization, referencing and usage that it deems appropriate. The author acknowledges that the article may be published so that it will be publicly accessible and such access will be free of charge for the readers.