Vol. 9 No. 1 (2025): July - December Issue

This issue has been available online since June 2025, the regular issue of July - December 2025. All articles in this issue (9 original research articles and 1 original article review) were authored/co-authored by authors from 10 institutions from 2 countries (Indonesia and South Africa), i.e., Universitas Muhammadiyah Cirebon (Indonesia), Institut Teknologi Bandung (Indonesia), State Islamic University of North Sumatra (Indonesia), Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Yogyakarta (Indonesia), Politeknik Pelayaran Sumatera Barat (Indonesia), Telkom University (Indonesia), Institut Teknologi Nasional (Indonesia), University of Limpopo (South Africa), Durban University of Technology (South Africa), and Nelson Mandela University (South Africa).