Demonstrating Affection, Empathy and Playful Engagement as Factors Influencing Parental Discipline Strategies
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31098/pba.v1i2.1827Keywords:
show of affection, empathy, play engagement, discipline strategy, parenthoodAbstract
Parenting is both a skill to learn and master since it will give the offspring perspectives in life. To attain this unique ability, one must master the art of affection, engagement and discipline towards the child. This study analyses affection, empathy, and play engagement as predictors of discipline strategies for parents of a primary school in the Philippines. The study used a descriptive-correlation research design with the survey as the primary gathering tool. One hundred forty-four parents voluntarily participated in the survey, which commenced in March and ended in April 2023. To analyze the data, the proponent used descriptive and inferential statistics. The study found that parents always show their affection and empathy, try to engage in play and establish discipline strategies. In addition, the computation also found a moderate relationship between showing affection and empathy and engaging in play with the establishment of discipline strategies among parents. Regression analysis also confirmed that showing affection and empathy and engaging in play are predictors of establishing discipline strategies among parents.
References
Abdullah, S.H., & Salim, R.M.A. (2020). Parenting style and empathy in children: The mediating role of family communication patterns. Humanitas Indonesian Psychological Journal, 17(1), 34-45. https://doi.org/10.26555/humanitas.v17i1.13126
Amodia-Bidakowska, A., Laverty, C., & Ramchandani, P.G. (2020). Father-child play: A systematic review of its frequency, characteristics and potential impact on children’s development. Developmental Review, 57, 100924. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2020.100924
Boele, S., Van der Graaff, J., de Wied, M., Van der Valk, I., Crocetti, E., & Branje, S. (2019). Linking parent–child and peer relationship quality to empathy in adolescence: A multilevel meta-analysis. Journal of Youth Adolescence 48, 1033–1055. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-019-00993-5
Borelli, J. L., Stern, J. A., Marvin, M. J., Smiley, P. A., Pettit, C., & Samudio, M. (2021). Reflective functioning and empathy among mothers of school-aged children: Charting the space between. Emotion, 21(4), 783–800. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000747
Cabrera, N.J., Volling, B.L., & Barr, R. (2018). Fathers are parents, too! Widening the lens on parenting for children's development. Child Development Perspectives, 12(3), 152-157. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12275
Cai, Z., Wang, M., & Wang, F. (2021). Actor–Partner Analyses of the Associations Between Harsh Discipline and Parent–Child Relationships in China. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(19–20), 9691–9708. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260519870154
Cuartas, J., McCoy, D.C., Rey-Guerra, C., Britto, P.R., Beatriz, E., & Salhi, C. (2019). Early childhood exposure to non-violent discipline and physical and psychological aggression in low- and middle-income countries: National, regional, and global prevalence estimates. Child Abuse & Neglect, 92, 93-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.03.021
De Oliveira, E.A., Mendes, D.M.L.F., Pessoa, L.F., & Oloveira, S.K.d.M. (2022). Who gets mad, sad, scared or happy at discipline? Emotional attributions explain a child's externalizing behaviour. Infant and Child Development, 32(1), e2378. https://doi.org/10.1002/icd.2378
Erdogan, N.I, Johnson, J.E., Dong, P.I., & Qiu, Z. (2019). Do Parents Prefer Digital Play? Examination of Parental Preferences and Beliefs in Four Nations. Early Childhood Education Journal, 47, 131–142. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-018-0901-2
Goering, M., & Mrug, S. (2021). Empathy as a mediator of the relationship between authoritative parenting and delinquent behaviour in adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 50, 1308–1318. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-021-01445-9
Johnson, S. L., Rieder, A., Green, E. P., Finnegan, A., Chase, R. M., Zayzay, J., & Puffer, E. S. (2023). Parenting in a conflict-affected setting: Discipline practices, parent–child interactions, and parenting stress in Liberia. Journal of Family Psychology, 37(3), 283–294. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0001041
Liu, L., Zhai, P., & Wang, M. (2022). Parental Harsh Discipline and Migrant Children’s Anxiety in China: The Moderating Role of Parental Warmth and Gender. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37(19–20), NP18761–NP18783. https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605211037580
Marsh, J., Plowman, L., Yamada-Rice, D., Bishop, J., Lahmar, J., & Scott, F. (2018). Play and creativity in young children's use of apps. British Journal of Educational Technology, 49(5), 870–882. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12622
McCoy, A., Melendez-Torres, G.J., & Gardner, F. (2020). Parenting interventions to prevent violence against children in low- and middle-income countries in East and Southeast Asia: A systematic review and multilevel meta-analysis. Child Abuse & Neglect, p. 103, 104444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104444
McFarland, L., & Laird, S.G. (2018). Parents and early childhood educators' attitudes and practices in relation to children's outdoor risky play. Early Childhood Education Journal, pp. 46, 159–168. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-017-0856-8
Moore, S.A., Faulkner, G., Rhodes, R.E., Brussoni, M., Chulak-Bozzer, T., Ferguson, L.J., Mitra, R., O’Reilly, N., Spence, J.C., Vanderloo, L., & Tremblay, M.S. (2020). Impact of the COVID-19 virus outbreak on movement and play behaviours of Canadian children and youth: a national survey. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, pp. 17, 85. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-020-00987-8
Nergaard, K. (2022). ‘I want to join the play’. Young children’s wants and needs of empathy when experiencing peer rejections in ECEC. Early Years, 42(4-5), 406-419, https://doi.org/10.1080/09575146.2020.1744531
Ng, C.S.M., Chiu, M.M., Zhou, Q., & Heyman, G. (2020). The impact of differential parenting: study protocol on a longitudinal study investigating child and parent factors on children’s psychosocial health in Hong Kong. Frontiers in Psychology, p. 11, 1656. https://doi.org.10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01656
Ornaghi, V., Conte, E., & Grazzani, I. (2020). Empathy in toddlers: The role of emotion regulation, language ability, and maternal emotion socialization style. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 586862. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.586862
Pak, T.-Y., & Fan, L. (2022). Childhood experience of parental affection and financial well-being in later life: Evidence from the Health and Retirement Study. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 56(4), 1433-1453. https://doi.org/10.1111/joca.12463
Spinrad, T.L., & Gal, D.E. (2018). Fostering prosocial behaviour and empathy in young children. Current Opinion in Psychology, 20, 40-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.08.004
Rodrigues, D., Padez, C., & Machado-Rodrigues, A.M. (2018). Active parents, active children: The importance of parental organized physical activity in children’s extracurricular sport participation. Journal of Child Health Care, 22(1),159-170. https://doi.org/10.1177/1367493517741686
Ruiz-Zaldibar, C., Serrano-Monzó, I., Lopez-Dicastillo, O., Pumar-Méndez, M. J., Iriarte, A., Bermejo-Martins, E., & Mujika, A. (2021). Parental Self-Efficacy to Promote Children’s Healthy Lifestyles: A Pilot and Feasibility Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(9), 4794. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094794
Stefansen, K., Smette, I., & Strandbu, A. (2018). Understanding the increase in parents’ involvement in organized youth sports. Sport, Education and Society, 23(2), 162-172, https://doi.org/10.1080/13573322.2016.1150834
Syahril, Yusuf, S., Ilfiandra, & Adiputra, S. (2020). The Effect of Parenting Patterns and Empathy Behavior on Youth Prosocial. International Journal of Instruction, 13(3), 223-232. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2020.13315a
Van Heel, M., Bijttebier, P., Colpin, H., Goossesns, L., Van Den Noortgate, W., Verschueren, & Van Leeuwen, K. (2020). Perspective taking, empathic concern, agreeableness, and parental support: Transactional associations across adolescence. Journal of Adolescence, 85, 21-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2020.09.012
Wang, F., Wang, M., Wang, T., & Wang, Z. (2021). Harsh Parental Discipline, Parent-Child Attachment, and Peer Attachment in Late Childhood and Early Adolescence. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 30, 196–205. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-020-01860-9
Wozniak-Prus, M., Gambin, M., Sekowski, M., Cudo, A., Pisula, E., Kiepura-Nawrocka, E., Boruszak-Kiziukiewicz, J., & Kmita G. (2023). Positive experiences in the parent–child relationship during the COVID-19 lockdown in Poland: The role of emotion regulation, empathy, parenting self-efficacy, and social support. Family Process, e12856. https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12856
Zubaili, Z. (2023). A Parental Empathy Communication in Children’s Education Patterns. Jurnal Al-Fikrah, 12(1), 69-81. https://doi.org/10.54621/jiaf.v12i1.531
Downloads
Article Metrics
- 0 times
- 0 times
Published
Citation Check
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 John Mark Asio
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright Notice: 1. License
People and Behavior Analysis has CC-BY NC or an equivalent license as the optimal license for the publication, distribution, use, and reuse of scholarly work for non-commercial purpose. The non-commercial use of the article will be governed by the Creative Commons Attribution license as currently displayed on Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
Creative Commons License
2. Author’s Warranties
The author warrants that the article is original, written by stated author(s), has not been published before, contains no unlawful statements, does not infringe the rights of others, is subject to copyright that is vested exclusively in the author and free of any third party rights, and that any necessary written permissions to quote from other sources have been obtained by the author(s).
3. User Rights
People and Behavior Analysis objective is to disseminate articles published are as free as possible. Under the Creative Commons license, this journal permits users to copy, distribute, display, and perform the work for non-commercial purposes only. Users will also need to attribute authors and this journal on distributing works in the journal.
4. Rights of Authors
Authors retain the following rights:
Copyright, and proprietary rights relating to the article, such as patent rights,
The right to use the substance of the article in future own works, including lectures and books,
The right to reproduce the article for own purposes,
The right to self-archive the article,
the right to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the article's published version (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal (People and Behavior Analysis).
The author has a non-exclusive publishing contract with a publisher and the work is published with a more restrictive license, the author retains all the rights to publish the work elsewhere, including commercially, because she/he is not subject to the conditions of her / his own license, regardless of the type of CC license chosen.
5. Co-Authorship
If the article was jointly prepared by other authors, the signatory of this form warrants that he/she has been authorized by all co-authors to sign this agreement on their behalf, and agrees to inform his/her co-authors of the terms of this agreement.
6. Termination
This agreement can be terminated by the author or People and Behavior Analysis upon two months’ notice where the other party has materially breached this agreement and failed to remedy such breach within a month of being given the terminating party’s notice requesting such breach to be remedied. No breach or violation of this agreement will cause this agreement or any license granted in it to terminate automatically or affect the definition of People and Behavior Analysis.
7. Royalties
This agreement entitles the author to no royalties or other fees. To such extent as legally permissible, the author waives his or her right to collect royalties relative to the article in respect of any use of the article by This agreement can be terminated by the People and Behavior Analysis upon two months’ notice where the other party has materially breached this agreement and failed to remedy such breach within a month of being given the terminating party’s notice requesting such breach to be remedied. No breach or violation of this agreement will cause this agreement or any license granted in it to terminate automatically or affect the definition of People and Behavior Analysis or its sublicensee.
8. Miscellaneous
People and Behavior Analysis will publish the article (or have it published) in the journal if the article’s editorial process is successfully completed and People and Behavior Analysis or its sublicensee has become obligated to have the article. People and Behavior Analysis may conform the article to a style of punctuation, spelling, capitalization, referencing and usage that it deems appropriate. The author acknowledges that the article may be published so that it will be publicly accessible and such access will be free of charge for the readers.
