Formulation of Amylopectin Powder from Durian Peel and Eucheuma cottonii Carrageenan as a Potential Halal Capsule Alternative

Abstract

Capsules are pharmaceutical preparations consisting of active compounds enclosed within water-soluble hard or soft shells. Gelatin is commonly used as a gelling agent for capsule shells. Although approximately 80% of gelatin is derived from porcine sources, raising concerns about its permissibility for Muslim consumers. Durian peel offers a promising alternative as it contains lignin, hemicellulose, cellulose, and pectin. Combining durian peel with Eucheuma cottonii carrageenan is essential for producing high-quality capsule shells as a potential halal capsule alternative. This study involved an experimental approach, analyzing the amylopectin powder content in durian peel and formulating capsule shells using five variations of durian peel starch to carrageenan ratios: 0.76%:5% (F1), 0.78%:5% (F2), 0.80%:5% (F3), 0%:5% (F4), and 5%:0% (F5). The results confirmed the presence of amylopectin in durian peel, with moisture and ash content meeting the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) requirements. Halal capsule shells were successfully produced from a combination of durian peel and Eucheuma cottonii carrageenan, with the formulation meeting specification standards, including appropriate disintegration times.